Procain Drug: Use Mechanism of Action Side Effect

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Procaine Drug 


Procain is discovered in 1905. It is developed by chemist Alfred Einhorn. Caine mean aneasthetics.

Procain drug is use as anesthesia, vasodilator and decrease pain.

It is used in dental surgery to decrease pain. It is also use in Rheumatoid arthritis, high blood pressure, body injury & acute pain.

Procain cause decrease in pain receptor to brain resulting in no pain sensation.

It is the easter of amino benzoic acid. It is metabolise by plasma and excretion occur via kidney.

It is also called as novocaine and maricaine.

Uses of Procaine


Procain work as anaesthetic, vasodilator and sedative drug.


  • Dental injury 

Procain is commonly use in dental cares, injury and dental surgery. Procain decreases pain receptors from reaching to brain. 

  • Rheumatoid arthritis 

Rheumatoid arthritis is autoimmune disease condition characterized by severe joint pain. Procain is use to decrease joint pain. It dilate blood vessel which cause high blood supply and relax smooth muscles. 

  • High blood pressure 

Procain is use as vasodilator to decrease vessel contraction and relax muscles. It dilates blood vessels to improve blood flow to heart and essential organs.

  • Depression 

Procain use as aneasthetics to decrease high muscle strain and relax smooth muscle.

  • Heart failure 

Procain drug reduces heart load, improve blood flow to heart and decreases afterload. It decrease chance of heart failure.



Mechanism of Action


Procain is act by blocking sodium channel. When sodium is decreased in nervous system an action potential is fail to generate and fail to transmit the pan sensation to brain. It decrease pain message toward the brain. 


Side Effect


Side effects occur in overdose and during hypersensitivity,

  • Headache

Headache may occur due to adverse effect of vasoconstriction in body.

  • Inhibitory neuronal activity 

Long term use of procain result in decreasing brain cognitive functions such as attention, concentration and memmory.


  • Heart attack 


Long term increase use of procain, increase chances of heart attack and heart disorders.

  • Respiratory failure in overdose 

During overdose respiratory muscle relaxes and fail to function properly resulting in respiratory failure.

Other signs are,

  • Nausea 

  • Depression 

  • Restlessness 

  • Minor to major convulsions 

  • Nervoussnes 

  • Chest pain


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