Inflammation Process Sign Treatment

Inflammation 

Inflammation is proces by which our immune system act on foreign particles and infections. It act by white blood cells. 

Inflammation is first line defence by immune system. The immune system activate chemical reactions resulting in swelling, redness, erythema on injury.

Inflammation is term used for swollen area or state of infalmed.

The complete inflammatory reaction occur is termed as inflammatory process.

Types 

There are two types of inflammation acute inflammation and chronic inflammation. 

• Acute Inflammation

Acute inflammation is short term injury that involve quick reaction and involvement.
The acute inflammation is sustained for less than 2 week. It involves allergic reaction, trauma, an injury involving upper body surface, and little exudate fluid formation. The acute inflammation gets back to normal in 7 days.

• Chronic Inflammation

The chronic inflammation is that exceed more than 2 weeks. It is sevior type injury is deep, and infection damage the cell in large. Healing period ranges from month to year. Examples of chronic inflammation sevier burn, accidents, and secondary inflammation arises from tuberculosis, pleural effusion, rheumatoid arthritis etc.

Causes 

Inflammation is caused by any foreign particle or injury that occur in the body. 

Inflammation is body's natural response towards infection or foreign particles to stop their invasion. 

Inflammation causes are,

• Physical harm from accidents, injury and falling 
• Accident 
• Cut on the body or arm 
• Severe injury from trauma 
• Infection such as bacterial, viral and parasites 
• Severe cold 
• Chemical burn 
• Drug abuse 
• Heat 
• Smoking 

Disease condition causing inflammation are,

• Rheumatoid arthritis 

• Lung infection 
• Pneumonia 
• Tuberculosis 
• Lung abscess
• Asthma 

• Allergy or hypersensitivity 

• Autoimmune reactions 

• Kidney diseases 

• Glomerulonephritis 
• Nephrotic syndrome 

Inflammation Symptoms 

Following signs are seen in inflammation,

• Redness (High blood supply shows the red color over the wound area)

During inflammation there is increased blood supply at the wound area. High blood supply shows the red color on wound area. It is also called as erythema.

• Heat and Warmth  (It is produce by chemical reactions in injury site)

After vasodilation, there is severe biochemical reaction take place which involves pathogenesis and formation of granuloma. It produced heat and warmth over injury.

• Pain (it is due to stimulation of nerves by injured cells and edema)

Formation of granuloma, swelling of tissues and cell cause stimulation to the nerves causing pain.

• Edema 

Edema is refer as swelling, it occur once exudate fluid come out and accumulate in wound area.

• Pus formation (Pus consist of dead cells, cell debris and product after reactions)

Pus is consist of dead cells, injured tissues, exudate fluid, infectious microorganism that is formed during inflammation. It result in formation of pus cells.

• Fever 

Fever is characterized by increased metabolism in wound area between infection and immune cells.

Inflammation Process

It starts with injury or infection, foreign particles enter in the body. It then enter into the body or infectious agent work. It result in dilation of blood vessels which increase blood flow to the wound area (redness). Various substance such as WBC, RBC, enzymes are accumulated at the wound area. It then result in fluid accumulation causing swelling. Swollen part stimulate the nerves resulting in pain sensation. 

Inflammation process is systematic way body responds to foreign material. Inflammatory processes occur in the 4 process:-

• Vasodilation

When body has injury, blood vessels dilated. It result in increase blood flow towards injury. It involve platelet accumulation for blood clotting.

• High vascular permeability

There will be increase vascular permeability for substances such as white blood cells, macrophages, enzymes and certain chemical. This substances forms a biochemical reactions of wound healing process.

• Exudate formation

Exudate (intracellular fluid) is comes out from injured blood vessels and lymph flow due to increase osmotic and hydrostatic pressure. It accumulate in the damaged area causes edema.

• Decreased blood supply

The last inflammation phase is decreasing the blood supply resulting in necrosis. Then through wound healing, the new tissues and blood vessels are formed.

Stages of the Inflammation 

Inflammation is occur in three stages, first is tissue injury, release of chemicals and leukocyte movement. 

• Tissue injury 

Tissue injury results from causative factor like trauma, accidents. It involve any stimulation to the cell or tissue that causing structural and functional damae to the cell.

• Release of chemicals 

As early as cell or tissue get injured or damage they release chemical substances such as histamine, bradykinin, prostaglandin and serotonin etc. This chemical initiate the inflammatory response. It increases vascular permeability, allowing for biochemical reaction of wound healing process and clot formation.

• Leukocyte movement 

Various chemical messenger lead to accumulating the white blood cells at the injured area. WBC engulf the bacteria at injury site and forms chemical reaction. It result in edema, pain and necrosis. It lead to formation of granuloma which then initiate process of regeneration and repair of damaged tissues for healing.

See:- Wound Healing

Treatment 

Inflammation is body natural response. It is not a disease condition but in secondary inflammation medication are given to decrease inflammation and reduce symptoms.

• NSAID

NSAID reduce chemical mediators that stimulate inflammation.

• Corticosteroid

Corticosteroid promotes cell growth and development and inhibits immune response exert by the body.

• Anti-histamine

Anti-histamine reduces the histamine (chemical messenger causing allergic reactions). This reduces the allergic symptoms such as redness, edema and swelling.

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