Hepatitis Cause Symptom Treatment

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Hepatitis means inflammation of liver cells and tissues. There are two types of hepatitis acute and chronic hepatitis. There are six types of hepatitis caused by a different virus,

  1. Hepatitis A (caused by hepatitis A virus.)
  2. Hepatitis B (caused by hepatitis B virus.)
  3. Hepatitis C (caused by hepatitis C virus.)
  4. Hepatitis D (caused by hepatitis D virus.)
  5. Hepatitis E (caused by hepatitis E virus.)
  6. Hepatitis G (caused by hepatitis G virus.)

Acute hepatitis is caused due to infection, medication overdose, and side effects, toxic elements found in the liver, or autoimmune reactions. It can cure within six months. It can progress to chronic hepatitis treat with medicine therapy (antiviral drug and immunosuppressants) to cure the infection and hepatic replacement in total liver damage. It is characterized by liver damage, dysfunction, jaundice sins, decrease food craving, nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, and disturbed bowel movement. 

Causes 


Hepatitis is caused by the hepatitis virus when coming into contact with an infected person. It is most commonly occur in the overcrowded area, contaminated water, and food, and family history. 

Causes of hepatitis are, 

  • Parasitic and bacterial infection 

Liver infection by any of bacterial or parasitic infection can lead to inflammation of liver cells. It can cause hepatitis.

  • Contact with an infected person 

A person comes with direct contact with an infected person via sneezing or coughing transmit hepatitis. It is spread via air droplets in sputum.

  • Living in a crowded area 

Overcrowded areas have a higher risk of hepatitis due to less social distancing and increase the chance of infection.

  • Drinking contaminated water 

Drinking contaminated water causes direct infection to inhale in the body.

  • Through sexual contact 

Sexual contact with a person affected by hepatitis transmits the infection. It is spread via saliva, tears, and fluids, etc.


  • Drug abuse and side effect of a drug 

Drug abuse involves the overuse of drugs that affects liver function. Overuse of sedative drugs, the anti-inflammatory drug, analgesics, and antibiotic drugs create an alteration in cellular function, the metabolic process leads to inflammation of the liver cells.

  • Alcoholism 

Alcoholism involves drinking more alcohol which irritates liver cells and tissues. It can lead to hepatic enlargement and hepatitis.


  • Autoimmune 


Autoimmune diseases involve a condition in which the body own cell is attached by own body immune cells. It causes liver inflammation.


  • Ischemic 


Ischemic is a loss of blood supply to liver tissues and cells. It decreases liver tissue perfusion causing cell damage and death.


  • Genetic 

Family history of hepatitis increase the chances of hepatitis.

  • Health workers ex. nurses 

  • Contact of an infected person, saliva, tears, sneezing or coughing 

  • Smoking 

  • Eating un-hygienic undercooked food 


Symptoms 


Acute hepatitis symptoms are,

  • Jaundice signs

Hepatitis results in decreased function of the liver. Symptoms are the yellow color of skin, nausea, and vomiting. Patients suffer from remittent fever in viral or bacterial hepatitis.

  • Presence of dark yellow urine 
High liver injury reduces bilirubin metabolism which then excretes out through urine. Bilirubin is a pigment that causes the dark yellow color of urine.


  • Nausea and vomiting 

Hepatitis causes disturbed digestion and metabolism of food leads to cause nausea and vomiting. 

  • Low-grade fever 

Due to altered metabolism and increase inflammation of liver cells person temperature increases. It also increases 


  • Accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity (Ascites)

  • Abdominal cramp 

  • Sick look 

  • Weakness

  • Malaise 

  • Sore throat 

  • Abdominal cramps 

  • Unexplained weight loss 

  • General pain 


Diagnosis 


Hepatitis is diagnosed by the following test:- 

  • Complete blood count test

In the CBC test, normal blood count, antibodies, and infection is check-in blood. It reveals the presence of infection in the body. Low WBC and platelet count indicate inflammation in the liver. 

  • MRI and x-ray 

X-ray is used to check swelling and inflammation scarring of liver tissues. It helps to diagnose the enlargement of the liver.


  • Liver function test 

The liver function test involves checking the function of liver tests such as albumin, bilirubin degradation, and other chemistry. It involves an assessment of the functioning of the liver. 


Treatment 


Hepatitis have no treatment. Acute hepatitis is a cure by itself in six months. If it progressing towards chronic hepatitis then it is managed by drugs (that not interfere much with the liver) and diet therapy. 

  • Anti-viral medicines

Anti-viral medicine is used to decrease viral infection by inhibiting the multiplication of the virus. Drugs are lamivudine and adefovir. 

  • Maintain personal hygiene

Maintaining personal hygiene help in decreasing the spread of the hepatitis virus. It increase the ability to defend against viral infection.

  • Diet therapy

Diet therapy involve eating well-cooked food and healthy vegetables. It includes avoiding food that is hard to absorb, irritating to liver and low cooked food. The patient is prohibited from smoking and alcohol. 

  • Exercise therapy 

Exercise increases blood flow to body tissues and cells. A 30-minute exercise help to reach blood flow to cells and tissues and increases cell growth and development.


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