Pleural Effusion Cause Type Treatment
Pleural effusion is defined as fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity.
Lung is surrounded by the ling which prevent lung from trauma, injury and also allow expansion of lungs.
It also maintain viscosity between lungs.
Cause
Pleural effusion cause are,
- Infection in lungs
Any bacterial infection occur in the lung lead to cause inflammation, irritation and swelling in lung tissues. It further increases fluid volume such exudative fluid. It lead to pleural effusion.
- External chest injury
Any external chest injury cause damage to lungs. It lead to injured lung tissues causing inflammation of cells.
- Inflammation on lung tissues
Inflammation of lung tissues due to smoking, air pollutants could increase fluid in lungs such as extracellular fluid and cell debris. Chronic inflammation causes pleural effusion.
- Internal hemorrhage
Internal hemorhage causes accumulation of blood in lungs. It leads to accumulate lood causing alteration in lung functions.
- Neoplastic tumore
Neoplastic tumor refers as formation of new cells in lung having no function. They accumulate in lung as tumor obstructing lung function.
- Pulmonary embolism
Pulmonary embolism is define as formation of blood clot in any of pulmonary artery. Ot can provoke swelling and fluid accumulation in lungs.
- Surgical remnants
Surgical remnants refer as post surgical infection and presence of foreign particle in lung.
Risk factors are,
- Inflammatory disorder
- Autoimmune diseases
- Obesity
- Smokiing
- Alcohol
- Tuberculosis
- Pneumonia
Symptom
Pleural effusion result in following sign and symptoms,
- Breathing difficulty
Breathing difficulty occur due to decreased function of lung such as respiration. It causes less air to move inside causing breathing difficulty.
- Chest pain
Chest pain occurs due to low oxygen reach to heart due to decreased lung function.
- Pleuritic pain
Pleuritic pain is chatacterized by intense stabing pain in chest due to inflammation of pleuritic space.
- Wheezing sound
Wheezing sound occur due to air obstruction caused by extra fluid volume in the lung.
Other symptoms are,
- Feel like chest burden
- Fever
- Dry cough
- Nausea
Pathophysiology
There will be fluid accumulation in the pleural space due to etiological factor.
Fluid are of two types transudate and exudate fluid. Transudate fluid is over production of pleural fluid or excessive reabsorption in lung cells. Exudate fluid comes from chemical reaction, edema, swelling and pus formation.
It further obstruct the airflow and produce symprom of pleural effusion
Types of pleural effusion
Pleural effusion is classified based on fluid involve in pleural effusion.
- Hydrothorax
Hydrothorax involve accumulation of serous fluid such as macrophages, lymphocytes, white blood cells and plasm proteins.
- Haemothorax
Pleural effusion hemothorax refer as effusion due to blood collection in lung.
- Urinothorax
Pleural effusion occur due to accumulation of urine in lung is called urinothorax pleural effusion. It is typically occur due to kidney disorder.
- Pyothorax
- Chylothorax
Chylothorax is define as accumulation if lymph fluid in the lungs causing pleural effusion.
Diagnosis
Pleural effusion is diagnosed by,
- History collection & symptoms
Typical signs of pleural effusion are chest pain, pleuiritic pain, breathing difficulty and presence of wheezing sound.
- Pleural biopsy
Pleural biopsy is refer as removal of fluid from lung area to examine for infection and serous fluid.
- Chest X-ray & CT scan
CT scan and MRI is used to visualize image of lung fluid to diagnose pleural effusion.
Treatment
Pleural effusion is treated by following therapies,
- Removal of fluid
It involve entering a thin tube in lung pleural wall and then drain out fluid from it. There will be temporary removal of fluid
space from the body.
- Thoracentesis
In thoracentesis, surgeon uses a needle brick in lungs to remove excess pleural fluid. It is also performed for diagnosing fluid in laboratory test.
- Pleurodesis
- Antibiotic therapy
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