Hemoglobin Structure Synthesis Destruction Function

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hemeglobin

Hemoglobin is protein present in red blood cells carrying oxygen and iron. It is made up of heme and 4 globin molecule. Four oxygen molecule bind with four globin molecule. There are 290 million of hb molecule present carrying more than a billion oxygen molecule in body. Normal values of hb are, Male (13.5-17.5 gram/dl) & female (11.5-15.5 gram/dl) etc.

Structure

Hemoglobin is consist of heme and globin molecule. Heme is consist of porphyrin pigment having four pyrrole rings attached with four oxygen molecule. Globin protein is consist of chain of amino acid called a polypeptide chain divided into alpha and beta subunit. 

Hemoglobin functions

Hemoglobin does following functions,

  1. Carry oxygen in body 
  2. Excrete carbon dioxide 
  3. Maitaining color of red blood cells 
  4. Maitain ph of blood by regulating oxygen and carbon dioxide 

Synthesis :-           

Hemoglobin synthesis start in mitochondria during proerythroblast stages of erythropoiesis. Heme and globin both are synthesized at different part of the body. Heme is synthesized in mitochondria, a complex biochemical reaction to form protoporphyrin which combine with iron to form heme molecule. It leave mitochondria and binds to globin molecule in ribosome forming hemoglobin. 


Destruction :- 

It starts after complete lifespan of RBC of 120 days, Old RBC destroyed in liver and spleen thereafter hemoglobin enter in the plasma.  Later, heme and globin molecule got separated. Globin molecule goes for resynthesis of other hemoglobin molecule. Heme is integrated to iron and porphyrin. Iron remain in the body as ferritin and hemosiderin. Prophyrin is converted into bile pigments called bilirubin.


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