Blood Composition & Function

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Blood is a very vital fluid present in body. There is 5 liter of blood present in human adult which constitute 8% of total body weight. Blood consist of two main parts, blood plasma and blood corpuscles. Blood plasma is fluid that present in body containing ions, hormones, enzymes, glucose and bicarbonate etc. Blood corpuscles are blood cells that are red blood cell, white blood cell and platelet.


Blood transport oxygen, hemoglobin, iron, nutrient, enzyme, ions, hormone and protein to body cell and tissues. It drain out carbon dioxide from tissues and excrete from body via respiration. Study of blood is called hematology, formation or production of blood is term as hematopoiesis. There is different process of forming each blood cell as erythropoiesis, leucopoiesis and thrombopoiesis.


Blood parameters:-

  1. Blood ph ranges from 7.30 - 7.47 ph. 
  2. Blood temperature is 38-degree celsius 
  3. Normal blood volume in body is 5 liter in adult person 

White blood cells function is to defend against bacteria and work as macrophages of immune system. Platelet function is to blood clothing and prevention of blood loss during injury. Red blood cells carry hb and supply oxyen to body tissue and cells.


Where blood is produced? 


Blood is form in bone marrow and spleen. There are stem cells which undergoes and form hematopoietic stem cell and hematoblast which further undergoes many changes to form various blood cells such as red blood cell, white blood cell and thrombocyte. This are referred as erythropoiesis, leucopoiesis and thrombopoiesis. 


  • Blood plasma 


Blood plasma is yellowish part of the blood containing alkaline viscous fluid. It constitutes 55% of total blood volume. It contains glucose, fatty acid, amino acid, bicarbonates, heparin, uric acid, fibronogen and other excretory products urea and creatinine etc. 


  • Blood corpuscles 


There are three types of blood cells,
  1. White blood cell
  2. Red blood cell 
  3. Platelet 


  • White blood cells 


White blood cells are also called as leucocytes. They are classified as granulocytes and agranulocytes. Granulocytes are defined a cell containing granules which are neutrophls, basophils, eosinophils and that of agranulocytes (without granule) are monocytes and lymphocytes. See: Types of WBC


Formation of white blood cells are called leucopoiesis, which form in the bone marrow and spleen. The average count of the leucocyte in body are 4000 to 11000 per cubic mm of blood. Total lifespan of white blood cells is 3 to 4 days.


The function of white blood cells are to protect body from infection and injury. Bacteria and viruses are engulf and kill by the white blood cells also called as immune cells.


  • Red blood cells


Red blood cells are called as erythrocyte. Red blood cell average life span is 120 days, which function is to carry hemoglobin and oxygen molecule and supply it to tissues. Formation of red blood cells are called as erythropoiesis. It form in bone marrow and spleen. 

Red blood cell destruction occur in the liver and spleen. There are 4 to 5 million of red blood cell present in each cubic mm of blood.


  • Platelet 

Platelet are also known as thrombocytes. They live for short period of time, 5 to 10 day. Their function is to blood coagulation and prevention of blood flow. During an injury, blood vessels get ruptured which lead to complete clotting by forming platelet plug. See:- Blood clotting process. There are 2 to 5 lakh platelets present in blood vessels.


Functions of blood 


Blood is a vital fluid present in body. It carries many essential elements which nourish the tissues and cells of the body. Blood has many functions as:-

  • Transport of various substances 

Blood carry and transport ion, enzyme, blood cells (WBC, RBC, platelet) and oxygen, carbon dioxide to cells and tissues. Without blood cells undergone damage and cell death occur. Reduction in blood volume causes lack of perfusion to body cells and tissues.

  • Protection & prevention 

White blood cells are body's immune cell which protect body from invading bacteria and viruses. They protect the body from further spread of infection and decreases growth of bacteria. It forms inflammation and prevent the spread of bacterias. 

  • Blood clotting 

Platelets and red blood cells function as blood clotting & hemostasis to prevent blood loss and infection in body.

  • Messenger function 

Blood is the medium of transporting signals from various body tissues to the brain and vice versa. It stimulates hormones and nervous system during tissue damage, low blood pressure, and change in temperature. It also regulates blood ph.

  • Regulation of body temperature 

Blood regulate temperature of the body. It also maintain ph of body.


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