Hypervolemia Causes Symptom Treatment

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Hypervolemia is define as excess of fluid volume present in the body. It arise during blood vessels excrete more water, fluid exudation, during high osmotic and hydrostatic pressure fluid jump outside blood vessels. Treatment involve giving diuretics and restricting sodium and salt intake.

Causes 


Hypervolemia is usually caused by too much sodium (salt) in body. When there is too much salt present the body retains water to balance it. Usually it occur due to sodium and water retention.

  • Excessive intake of sodium or fluid intake 
Excess sodium reabsorbed water in body and increase fluid volume.

  • IV Solution 
Excess amount of intravenous solution such as sodium chloride sudden elevates the water in body.

  • Nephrotic syndrome 
Nephrotic syndrome is inflammation of nephrons resulting in disturbed kidney functions. Nephrotic syndrome can cause hypervolemia by increasing fluid absorption through kidney.

  • Low protein intake 
Protein molecules are larger in size that decreases vascular permeability. Low protein intake predisposes the higher vascular permeability increasing fluid out from blood vessels.

  • Drug overuse 
Over use of drug such as NSAID, anti-depressants, anti-hypertensive drug, birth control pills could result in hypervolemia.

  • High intaks of fluid (High intake of fluid in body is increase water content in body.)

  • Cirrhosis of liver

Symptoms of hypervolemia 


Hypervolemia results in fluid build up in various parts of the body. Common location where fluid build up is common are legs, arms, lungs and abdomine. It result in peripheral edema (fluid in arm and leg), ascites (fluid in abdomen). 


Fluid enter in lungs called pulmonary edema. There is chance of increasing central venous pressure. When fluid enters in lungs it result in multiple symptoms,

  • Breathing difficulty 
  • Chest pain 
  • Dyspnea 
  • Shallow respiration 

Other symptoms are,

  • Swelling in leg and arm 

Fluid build up in leg are called as peripheral edema. There is serious swelling occur that increases blood pressure and feel bound in pulse over swelling area.

  • Weight gain 

Consistent chronic infectious hypervolemia result in weight gain. 
  • Headache 

When fluid increases in body. It increases blood pressure and venous pressure. When it goes in brain, neck and posterior head area, various nerves is stimulated causing pain sensation.

  • Distended neck veins

  • Hypertension:- Increased hydrostatic pressure in blood vessel elevates the overall blood pressure. 

  • Bounding pulse 

  • Moist crackles in leg

  • Nighttime breathing difficulty 

Treatment 


Treatment aims on treating underlying causes that lead to form excess fluid in body. Infection, excess sodium and drug abuse, etc.

  • Diet therapy 

It involve a restriction of sodium in food that causing fluid reabsorption in blood. Do not consume extra fluid during hypervolemia. 

  • Diuretics 

Lasix is most common diuretics given to increase urination so that excess fluid goes out via urine. 


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