Local Anesthetics Use Mechanism of Action Side Effect

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Local anesthetic


Local anesthetics is use to decrease pain sensation, decrease tremors and convulsion via inhibiting neuromotor activity.

On applying anaesthetics it block nerves in affected area which result in no pain sensation. 

Local anesthetics typically use in traumatic injury, accidents and minor surgeries & treatment.

It is also use as sedative drug inducing arousal, calmness and relive anxiety.


Mechanism of Action


Local anesthetics were use to secrease nervous transmission of pain sensation. It decrease muscle sensitivity and induce analgesia. 

It decreases sodium production after which action potential fails to generate resulting in diminishing nervous response.

It block neuronal activity which decrease pain transmission. This result in no pain sensation to brain.


Use


Local anesthetics were use in small surgeries, injury, suturing and drainage from body. 

Other uses, 

  • Suturing 

During suturing, typical local anesthetics are used esp. during trauma, accident. 

  • Acute pain 

Acute pain from injury, accident are managed by local anesthetics. 

  • Surgery 

During small surgeries, dental cares, catheterization and minor invasive surgeries local anesthetics are used.

  • Labor pain 

Local anesthetics use to decrease labor pain in early stage of labor.

  • Post operative pain 

Post operative pain is diminished by blocking nervous transmission.

  • Biopsy 

Biopsy is small procedure involving needle brick to remove body fluids for examination. Local anesthetics were use in spinal anesthesia and lumbar puncture.

Other uses are,

  • Chronic pain in rheumatoid arthritis, Osteoarthritis 
  • Drainage fluid from body 
  • Catheterization
  • Endoscopy 
  • Cystoscopy 
  • Drug induced pain 
  • Spinal anesthesia 
  • ENT operation 
  • Teeth surgery 


Local anesthetics type 



Local anesthetic were use in various ways by injecting it in your body, applying on skin etc. 

They are prefer based on severity of injury, damage and condition of patient.

Injectable anesthesia is given by needle absorb by mucous membrane, body fluids ex. CSF fluid etc. 

Surface anesthesia are jse via spray, solution and cream to apply on body affected part.

Injectable local anesthetics,

  • Procaine 
  • Lignocaine 
  • Chloroprocaine 
  • Prilocaine 
  • Tetracaine 
  • Bupivacaine 
  • Bupivacaine 
  • Rapivacaine 
  • Etidocaine 

Surface anaesthetics 
  • Cocaine 
  • Tetracaine 
  • Benzocaine 
  • Oxethazine 


Side Effect


Local anesthetics side effects are, 

  • Altered conscioussness 

After applying it on spinal cord, head or shoulder person may come into semiconscioussness or unconscioussness.

  • Decreased cognitive function 

Long term use of local anesthetics will result in decreasing brain functions. It also decrease muscle and neuronal receptivity on stimuli.

  • Slow heart rate 

Person may experience decreased heart rate due to decrease nervous system activation. It occur due to long term sedation of muscles.

  • Twitching 

Twitching may occur due to abormal muscle tone and alter neuronal activity. A person amy experience muld convulsion.

  • Numbness 

Numbness occur on long term use of anesthetic on affected area.

Other side effects  are, 

  • Irritability 
  • Uneasiness 
  • Itching  
  • Dizziness 
  • Breathing problem 
  • Nerve damage


Contraindication


It is contraindicated in hypersensitivity patient, elder patient, pregnant and small children. It should not give in cardiovascular disease. 

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