Medical Study

Systole means contraction of heart muscles. It occurs after diastole relaxation of blood vessels. Similar word for systol is squeeze.  WHAT IS MEANING OF SYSTOLE? Systole is simply means contraction of heart. When blood is filled inside the atrium or ventricles, heart is contracted. When chambers got fully filled, pressure from the systole pushes blood to front in two places in lungs and in aorta. After this, heart enters in diastolic phase, relaxation phase. 

Diuretic drug Diuretic are define as drug causing loss of water and fluid from the body. It is typically use in swelling, edema and oliguria/decreased kidney output. Diuretics are classified based upon site of action and mechanism of action, there are four types of diuretics,  Osmotic diuretics  Thiazide diuretics  Loop diuretics  Potassium sparing diuretics  Osmotic diuretics  Osmotic diuretics increase amount of filtrable substance in body which increase filtration and urine production. Osmotic diuretics are filtered by glomerulus and further increase osmosis in nephron tube to carrying filtration process. Ex. Mannitol, sodium chloride is physiological diuretic Osmotic diuretics use in, Prophylaxis treatment of renal failure  It is used when kidney is not functioning properly. It help kidney to filter blood and inhibit oliguria. Head injury  In this, osmotic diuretics maintain water balance in the body. It also prevent patient from go i

Hand washing is the process of cleaning your hand. Handwashing is also know as hand hygiene. It is a process of cleaning ones hand by soap, or similar substance. It is done when own hand get affected with dust, viruses, bacteria and microorganism that present on our hand. It is general procedure to decontaminate our hands. Most commonly hand washing should be done in following cases, Before and after using toilet  Before eating  Before preparation of food  After defection  During menstrual hygiene  After coughing, sneezing  Touching to infected patient  Touching to infected area such as garbage, animal feed, waste substance  There are 8 steps of hand washing, Wet your hand thoroughly by water First step is to rinse hand with flow of water. It passively flow soil, dust present over hand.  Palm to palm rub the hands During second step, hands of palm are rubbed with each other.  Palm to palm with finger interlaced on dorsum part of

Local anesthetic Local anesthetics is use to decrease pain sensation, decrease tremors and convulsion via inhibiting neuromotor activity. On applying anaesthetics it block nerves in affected area which result in no pain sensation.  Local anesthetics typically use in traumatic injury, accidents and minor surgeries & treatment. It is also use as sedative drug inducing arousal, calmness and relive anxiety. Mechanism of Action Local anesthetics were use to secrease nervous transmission of pain sensation. It decrease muscle sensitivity and induce analgesia.  It decreases sodium production after which action potential fails to generate resulting in diminishing nervous response. It block neuronal activity which decrease pain transmission. This result in no pain sensation to brain. Use Local anesthetics were use in small surgeries, injury, suturing and drainage from body.  Other uses,  Suturing  During suturing, typical local anesthetics are used esp. during trauma, accident.  Acute pain 

Procaine Drug  Procain is discovered in 1905. It is developed by chemist Alfred Einhorn. Caine mean aneasthetics. Procain drug is use as anesthesia, vasodilator and decrease pain. It is used in dental surgery to decrease pain. It is also use in Rheumatoid arthritis, high blood pressure, body injury & acute pain. Procain cause decrease in pain receptor to brain resulting in no pain sensation. It is the easter of amino benzoic acid. It is metabolise by plasma and excretion occur via kidney. It is also called as novocaine and maricaine. Uses of Procaine Procain work as anaesthetic, vasodilator and sedative drug. Dental injury  Procain is commonly use in dental cares, injury and dental surgery. Procain decreases pain receptors from reaching to brain.  Rheumatoid arthritis  Rheumatoid arthritis is autoimmune disease condition characterized by severe joint pain. Procain is use to decrease joint pain. It dilate blood vessel which cause high bloo

Acute respiratory distress syndrome is a spectrum of symptoms that arise due to severe respiratory dysfunction. It commonly occurs due to chronic infection in lung, muscle spasm, and secondary pulmonary diseases such as pneumonia, ARDS is characterized by severe breathing difficulty, respiratory failure, severe hypoxia. ARDS patient is treated in a hospital emergency ward. Common treatments is artificial ventilation and curing the underlying cause of ARDS. ARDS can complicate other disease conditions such as respiratory failure, pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, multiple organ failure. Cause ARDS causes are, Infection  Presence of infection in the lung area causing swelling, breathing difficulty and muscle spasm in lungs. It can further increase in ARDS sign and symptoms. Inhalation of harmful substances  Inhalation of harmful substances from air pollution, dust, and foam can increase the chance of obstruction in the lungs. This obstruction further can increas

How beta blocker work? Beta blockers are group of drugs use in dilating blood vessels, improve blood flow and maitain blood pressure. It act on central nervous system. It inhibit the action of neurotransmitter epinephrine and nor-epinephrine. This two hormone responsible for stimulation of various organs and muscles of the body such as heart, brain and kidney. They increase heart rate, abdominal contraction, stimulate muscles. Beta blockers block two hormone which result in decrease stimulation to major body organ. It result in improving blood flow to blood vessels, decrease cardiac afterload and relaxing smooth muscle of body. Pharmacology  Beta blocker is taken orally and metabolized in liver. Uses of beta blocker  Beta blocker is use in following disease condition, Angina pectoris Angina pectoris is define as pain in chest. Beta blockers relieves chest pain by incteasing blood flow to heart cells. Atrial fibrillation Atrial fibrillation is ab