Cervical Cancer Diagnosis Cause Treatment

Cervix is located behind the vagina then open into uterus. It is called cervical cancer, cancer of cervix. Cancer develop when mucosal cell of cervix grows in abnormal and uncontrolled manner.

Cervical cancer occurs due to human papillomavirus infection which provoke development of cancer cells. Other risk factors are smoking, alcohol, drug abuse, teenage sex or having multiple sexual partner.

It is characterized by high vaginal bleeding, pain during sexual intercourse & pain in pelvis. Cancer cell of cervix has ability to invade and spread bacteria to other part of body. It is managed by chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy and surgical treatment.

Cause

Cervical cancer causes are,

• Human papillomavirus (HMP)

Human papillomavirus is common bacterial infection occur to females. It can cause cervical cancer.

• Early sexual activity

Female who perform sex before puberty lead to damage normal cervix cell and tissue. It increases chances of formation of cancer cells.

• Multiple sexual partner

Female who has multiple sexual partner has higher chance of cervix cancer. 

• Family history of cervical cancer

If there was history of cancer or any family member has cancer there is risk of reoccurance of cervix cancer.

• Weak immune system 

Person having weak immune system has higer risk of developing cancer cells.

Risk factor are,

• Smoking

Smoking irritate body cell and tissues. Chronic female smoker could lead to lymphoma in cervix area. 

• Excessive use of birth control pills

Use of excessive pills lead to suppress hormone in body which changes structure and formation of cells and tissue lead to formation of neoplasm.

• More than 3 pregnancies

Female undergone more than 3 vaginal delivery can lead to cause cervical cancer.

• Obesity 

• Early pregnancy

• Secondary disease condition such as AIDS, Diabetic, Blood pressure

Cervical cancer symptoms

Cervical cancer symptoms appear lately and hard to diagose. Initial signs are similar to menstrual symptoms such as irregular period, heavy menstruation and unusual bleed. It also result in vaginitis, swelling and painful sensation at vagina.

• Irregular period

Patient with cervical cancer can lead to alter menstruation and result in irregular menstrual period.

• Heavy menstruation

During cervical cancer, patient may go with heavy menstruation consist of cell debris and damaged cervical cells and other blood chemistry.

• Unusual bleed

Female can also suffer from unusual bleed which indicate damage cell of cervix.

• Vaginal discharge

Female has increased mucosal production and loss of it through vagina. It increase in quantity in cervical cancer.

Other symptoms are,

• Painful sexual contact 
• Foul smell
• Back pain
• Bleed after menopause
• Problem in urination 

Diagnosis 

Cervical cancer is diagnosed by various test given below,

• Pelvic examination 

It is performed via inserting a finger or speculum through Vagina to palpate tumor and growth of cells in cervix. It is done to diagnose cervical tumor.

• Imaging test 

Imaging test are CT scan, MRI help to visualize cancer cell and tumor. A clear picture through x-ray reveal stage of cancer and spread of cancer.

• Colposcopy 

In colposcopy, colposcope is insert vagina to camera attached to it. By using camera picture the cancer cells of cervix are assessed. 

• Pap smear 

In pap smear, physician scrap some cells from cervix which then test in lab for abnormality in structure and function.

• Tissue biopsy 

A tissue biopsy involve removal of some cell and tissues from the cervix to evaluate for infection and cancer cells. It is commonly done by instrument such as colposcope.

Treatment 

Cervical cancer treatment is depend on stage of cancer. Early stage cancer is manage by chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Severe stage cervical cancer need surgical treatment.

• Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy involve use of medicine and drug to decrease growth of cancer cell. Examples are cisplatin and fluorouracil is use. This drug given via orally.

• Radiation therapy

Radiation therapy involve passing high frequency light wave to shrink and break tumor. It used to break tumor in small pieace and then kill cell.

Surgical treatment

• Cone biopsy

Cone biopsy is performed in early stage cancer. In this, affected part is removed by an instrument called colposcope.

• Trachelectomy 

Trachelectomy is referred as removal of the cervix and surrounding tissue to treat cervical cancer.

• Hysterectomy

In hysterectomy, affected cervix and uterus is remove from the body. It is done in end stage cervical cancer.

• Cryosurgery

In cryosurgery, high cold nitrogen is put on cancer cells which freezes cancer cell till they get killed.

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