List of Menstrual Problem

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Menstrual Problems 


Menstrual problem is a problem that arises due to menstrual abnormality. In this, women suffer from menstrual disorder dysmenorrhea, amenorrhea, and premenstrual syndrome.

Dysmenorrhea


Dysmenorrhea is defined as menstrual cramps characterized by intense abdominal pain and cramps. It is a common menstrual problem. In this females suffer from abdominal pain before 2 days of menstruation and 2 days after menstruation. Dysmenorrhea occurs due to endometrial cell damage and hormonal imbalance occur in the body. It is seen in females who smoke, use of alcohol and drug

Symptoms of dysmenorrhea are, 

  • Abdominal cramps and pain 

  • Bloating

Bloating is define as excess fluid and gas accumulation in the abdominal area. It causes uncomfort, uneasy pain to females.

  • Flank pain 

Flank pain is refer as pain that occur above abdominal area causing patient uncomfortable.

Dysmenorrhea is managed by,

Menstrual pain in dysmenorrhea subside after 24 hour. If it not then pain killer and NSAID is given. 

  • Pain killer 

Pain killer (aspirin) is given to decrease pain in body. 

  • NSAID (Non-steroidal anti-inflammattory drug)

NSAID is given to decrease inflammation in the body. It causes decrease inflammatory mediator which result in diminishing pain arise due to inflammation. 


Amenorrhea 


Amenorrhea is defined absence of a menstrual period for two consecutive times. It is divided into two types, primary amenorrhea & secondary amenorrhea. 


  • Primary amenorrhea 

Primary amenorrhea occurs due to delayed growth and development of sexual characteristics, immature organ such as the uterus, a fallopian tube which carries the pregnancy. It results in poor body stature, underdeveloped secondary sexual organs. 

  • Secondary amenorrhea 

Secondary amenorrhea is caused by hormonal changes, cycle suppression, drug abuse, and high intake of birth control pills. It is characterized by the absence of a menstrual cycle for the next 2 to 3 months.



Signs and treatment of amenorrhea 

Amenorrhea is characterized by under-developed sexual characteristics, it causes weakness, abdominal pain, and cramps. It is treated and managed with hormone replacement therapy (dopamine therapy), diet supplement, and drug therapy. It is treated with the dopamine transmitter which increases neurotransmitters in the body stimulating menstruation. 


Pre-Menstrual Syndrome


Pre-menstrual syndrome is consists of multiple symptoms arise before menstruation and ovulation period. It is characterized by abnormal behavior, anger, sudden crying, change in appetite level, changes in libido. It is common to occur in 90% of females. Risk factors of premenstrual syndrom are poor eating habits, stress, anxiety, depression, changes in chemical level in brain and hormones, and poor coping skills.


Symptoms of premenstrual syndrome


  • Mood swings

Females suffer from mood swings such as sudden anger or sudden higher excitement and happiness.

  • Irritability 

Females get irritated to small-small things. It occurs due to changes that take place in the body.

  • Sadness

Some people suffer from sadness can also result in small depression-like symptoms.

  • Appetite changes

Female decreases food craving appetite.

    • Anger

    • Sudden crying

    • Breast tenderness

    • Dysphoria (unhappiness)

    • Severe changes in the libido

    • Oversensitivity 

    Treatment 


    Medicines are anti-anxiety, diuretic therapy, a mood stabilizer, and sedatives. Various therapies are given to maintain the normal health, ex. diet modification during menstruation, decrease tea & coffee, alcohol and smoking which  irritate stomach, delivering 30-minute exercise which improves the blood flow.

    Medicines use are,


    • Anti-anxiety drug 

    It is given if patient is suffer from restlessnsss, anxious and not stable. It is given to decrease anxiety of patient.


    • Diuretic therapy 

    It involve giving lasix (furosemide) which increases micturition to decrease fluid level in the body. It is useful in tachycardia, shivering and restlessness.


    • Sedative 

    It is given to decrease muscle tone and relax person. It is use during insomnia, irritabilty and to control pain.


    • Diet modification 

    Women in premenstrual syndrome should avoid excess tea, coffe. Smoking and alcohol intake should avoid.


    • Excercise 

    Excercise stimulate blood vessel which increase blood flow to body tissues and cells. It also increase tissue healing by supplying high blood supply. Female feel relaxed optimized and fresh after 30 minute exercise.


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