Placenta previa Type Cause Management

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Placenta previa mean formation of placenta at lower uterine area near to cervix. It refer as antepartum hemorrhage. It leads to higher dark colored bleeding, because placenta is located near cervix.

Types

Based on location of placenta over cervix is classified as,

  • Low-lying placenta previa :- Placenta is located near cervix is called low-lying placenta previa.
  • Marginal placenta previa :- Placenta forms on marginal part of cervix about 1 to 2 cm.
  • Incomplete or partial placenta previa :- When placenta partially covers placenta is called partial placenta previa.
  • Central or total placenta previa :- When placenta completely covers cervix is called as cental placenta previa.

Symptom

Placenta previa result in sevier painless bleeding of dark colored urine. Blood is directly out via cervix.

What causes placenta previa?

There is no specific cause of placenta previa is present. Causes are, 

  • Upper uterine area is not suitable for growth of placenta
  • Growth cells i.e. Trophoblastic cells of placenta is located at below areas
  • Embryo develops in opposite downward direction
Risk factors for placenta previa,

  1. Multiple pregnancy
  2. History of abortion
  3. Smoking
  4. Hypertension
  5. Presence of infection
  6. Previous surgery
  7. Drug abuse
  8. Alcohol

Diagnosis

Placenta previa is diagnosed by,

  1. Presence of hemorrhage :- Dark colored bleed is indication of placenta previa.
  2. Abdominal examination:- In this uterine tenderness and softness is assess. Revealing placenta is not present.
  3. Sonography: - It is done to check location of placenta in abdomen.


Management

Placenta previa is manage by following measures,

  • Continually assessment of mother and fetus throughout pregnancy
  • Always ready to shift to hospital (as bleeding can occur anytime and may even become fatal)
  • Mother should be shifted to hospital in more bleeding
  • Blood volume replacement (to maintain blood pressure)
  • Blood plasma replacement (to maintain fibrinogen levels)

Delivery

If placenta previa is marginal and away from cervix than vaginal delivery is performed. For complete placenta previa cesarean section is indicated.


Complication of placenta previa 

  • Antepartum hemorrhage
  • Postpartum hemorrhage
  • IUGR (Intrauterine growth retardation)
  • Fetal Hypoxia
  • Premature delivery

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