Hydrocephalus Causes Symptom Treatment

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Hydrocephalus

Hydrocephalus is accumulation of fluid in brain areas result in enlargement of head area. It is most commonly occur when the cerebrospinal fluid form in excess and creating extra pressure in brain. It can also occur due to head injury, excess fluid volume, low reabsorption or chemical imbalance, etc. 

What are the causes of hydrocephalus?

Hydrocephalus is caused by following factors:- 
  • Over fluid production 
When brain cell produce excess cerebrospinal fluid that accumulated in brain causing hydrocephalus. Some time due to blockage or narrow blood vessels less fluid is reabsorbed in body causing saturation of much fluid in brain. 

  • Decrease absorption from blood vessels of brain
During hypervolemia (a state of higher fluid volume in body), and kidney diseases blood vessels tend to reabsorb less fluid from body, it can cause hydrocephalus. 

  • Infection
Bacterial infection, viral infection can irritate the brain cells, inflammation and infectious action could increase accumulation of CSF fluid in body. 

  • Hemorrhage
Hemorrhage is internal bleeding inside brain areas. It causes extra fluid volume in brain and pressurize normal cells. 

  • Brain diseases
Meningitis, encephalitis, tumor, birth defect prompt hydrocephalus. It forms fluid volume to neutralize infectious activity lead to inflammation, swelling over head regions. 
  • Genetic abnormality
  • Meningitis
  • Infection 
  • Injury to brain 

Symptoms

Hydrocephalus results in enlargement of head. Other symptoms of hydrocephalus are decreased cognitive function, headache, seizure, and loose attention, concentration. 

Hydrocephalus results in,
  • Swelling, inflammation on brain cells 

  • Headache
Extra fluid volume result in an increase in blood pressure pressurizing cerebral areas. It stimulant pain receptors causing headache. 
  • Vomiting
  • Seizure
Hydrocephalus has excess fluid in brain and the shape of brain is larger. It also has swelling, edema, and inflammation. It stimulates and alters nervous mechanism provoking seizures. 
  • Decreased cognitive function
Severe hydrocephalus results in decreasing attention, concentration and cognitive abilities. Patient has memory dysfunction. 
  • Mental impairment
  • Vision problem

Diagnosis

Hydrocephalus is diagnosed by,
  1. Blood test:- A blood test is done to check infection, blood count and other blood chemistry.
  2. Ultrasonography:- It is done to check shape and size of head.
  3. Lumbar puncture :- It is common procedure done to remove CSF fluid to evaluate for infection.

Treatment

Hydrocephalus is treated by draining out fluid by lumbar puncture. It is done frequent when patient symptoms are high.

It is treated by,
  1. Lumbar puncture :- It is done to remove excess CSF fluid from back of body.
  2. Shunt :- A shunt is plastic tube which place surgically to divert fluid from one area to other. It help in decreasing fluid volume by draining it out.

Complication

Hydrocephalus complications are,
  • More or less drainage abnormal brain function
Drainage of fluid is not accurate, less or more fluid removal effect badly on brain function It can provoke seizure, convulsion and cause brain damage. 
  • Risk for infection
Swelling and inflammation provoke risk of infection in brain cells. It also weaken immune system resulting in brain diseases such as meningitis, brain abscess etc.
  • Internal hemorrhage
During hydrocephalus high blood pressure and excess fluid volume causes loose blood vessels and muscles. It can cause internal bleed. It can also injured other brain cells. 


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