Medical Study

Spina Bifida Spina bifida is a neural tube disorder, of spinal cord is not closed properly. It further protruded out from skin to form a swelling or tumor over body surface. Most common sign of Spina bifida are lower back, middle back and rarely in neck areas. It is occur by both genetic and environmental cause. Risk factors include family history, epilepsy, diabetic mellitus and obesity. Spina bifida is a congenital disorder lead to failure in proper closing of spinal cord. It affects nervous system vastly if not treated early. It results in decreasing cognitive functions of brain. It also results in low decreased body growth, hair loss, and low learning ability. Spina bifida is diagnosed either before birth or after birth. Before birth, it is diagnosed by various test such as amniocentesis, ultrasonography and blood test etc. After birth, physical protrudation of skin layer in tumor form is result as spina bifida. Spina bifida is closed by surgical procedure. Support...

Hydrocephalus Hydrocephalus is accumulation of fluid in brain areas result in enlargement of head area. It is most commonly occur when the cerebrospinal fluid form in excess and creating extra pressure in brain. It can also occur due to head injury, excess fluid volume, low reabsorption or chemical imbalance, etc.  What are the causes of hydrocephalus? Hydrocephalus is caused by following factors:-  Over fluid production  When brain cell produce excess cerebrospinal fluid that accumulated in brain causing hydrocephalus. Some time due to blockage or narrow blood vessels less fluid is reabsorbed in body causing saturation of much fluid in brain.  Decrease absorption from blood vessels of brain During hypervolemia (a state of higher fluid volume in body), and kidney diseases blood vessels tend to reabsorb less fluid from body, it can cause hydrocephalus.  Infection Bacterial infection, viral infection can irritate the brain c...

Headache is referring pain sensation occurs in head and neck region. It is also called as cephalgia. Headache is explained as stretching & the contraction of blood vessel & muscles causing pain in the head and neck area. There are many type of headache classified based on the intensity, frequency and location. There are many type of headache classified based on intensity, frequency and location. Brain does not have any pain receptor therefore increase in the blood vessels and muscles stimulates the nerves causing pain. Causes of headache  There are many causes of headaches, primary and secondary headache.  Primary headache causes are a direct factor that cause headache.  Stressful environment  Stressful environments result in anxiety unproductive work and decrease person efficiency. It also result in increasing heart rate, shivering which tend to cause headache. Sleep disturbance  Constant sleep deprivation results ...

Nervous system work for co-ordinating the voluntary and involuntary actions of the body.  It work by two sub-system, Central nervous system  Peripheral nervous system  Somatic nervous system  Autonomic nervous system  Central nervous system :- It consist of brain and spinal cord. CNS is a powerhouse of producing massage for voluntary and involuntary actions of body. It stimulate various body activities. Peripheral nervous system:- It is consist of vertebral column through which neurons are spread over all body parts. It is divided in two main system somatic and autonomic nervous system. Somatic nervous system:- It co-ordinate message of skin, muscles, tendons, joints, eyes, tongue, ears, skeletal muscles Autonomic nervous system:- It carry message to  gl ands, smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, stimulating glands and senses of the body. Disorder   Epilepsy:- In this, patient suffer from ...